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上海小學(xué)三年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

2015-10-30 07:15:00
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小學(xué)三年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

(一)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can

can 在英語(yǔ)中有一個(gè)特殊的名字,叫做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示“能夠”, “會(huì)”, “能力”后面要跟著表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱的變化。表示不能做什么的時(shí)候,后面加上 not為 can not,或者縮寫(xiě)為can’t。問(wèn)別人“能…嗎?”要把can 放在句子前面,首字母要大寫(xiě),句尾別忘加上問(wèn)號(hào)。

例句:—I can swing .I can draw.

—She can jump.He can play .

—We can touch .They can run.

—I can’t sing.You can’t see.

—She can’t dance.He can’t hear a car.

—We can’t hear an aeroplane.

—Can you hear a dog?Can he hear a bus?

—Can Lucy write?Can you do it?

將下面各組詞組成句子

1.________________________(an,aeroplane,hear,Lucy,can )

2. ____________________________ (not,he ,dance,can )

3.____________________________? (you,can ,see,what )

4.____________________________(can ,see ,not ,we ,you)

5._____________________________. (I ,can ,help ,you )

6._____________________________? (I,can ,do,what)

7._____________________________? (you ,can ,hear me)

8._____________________________? (you ,can ,dance) 

答案:1. Lucy can hear an aeroplane.   2. He can not /can’t dance.  

3. What can you see?                 4. We can not /can’t see you 

5. I can help you.                    6. What can I do?

7. Can you hear me?                  8. Can you dance?

 

(二)人稱代詞所屬格

人稱代詞表

 

人稱

主格

be動(dòng)詞及其否定形式

所有格,形容性物主代詞

have/has及其否定形式

助動(dòng)詞及其否定形式

賓格

 

數(shù)

第一人稱

I

am/am not

my

have/haven’t

do/don’t

me

第二人稱

you

are/aren’t

your

have/haven’t

do/don’t

you

第三人稱

he

is/isn’t

his

has/hasn’t

does/doesn’t

him

she

is/isn’t

her

has/hasn’t

does/doesn’t

her

it

is/isn’t

its

has/hasn’t

does/doesn’t

it

人名

人名

is/isn’t

人名’s

has/hasn’t

does/doesn’t

人名

 

復(fù)

數(shù)

第一人稱

我們

we

are/aren’t

our

have/haven’t

do/don’t

us

第二人稱

你們

you

are/aren’t

your

have/haven’t

do/don’t

you

第三人稱

他們,她們,它們

they

are/aren’t

their

have/haven’t

do/don’t

them

注意:主格作主語(yǔ),其中she指帶代國(guó)家,it可指代天氣時(shí)間等。

賓格作賓語(yǔ),介詞賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ) 。動(dòng)詞后面用人稱賓格

形容詞性物主代詞作定語(yǔ)。

名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),介詞賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ) 書(shū)信yours…

表示 ---- 的,這樣的詞我們也學(xué)習(xí)很多了,你能想出來(lái)嗎?

記住這個(gè)小口訣就很容易了:我的 my ,你的your,他的 his、她的her. //它的是its; 我們的 our; 你們的是 your他們(它們,她們)的是their//這些人稱代詞形式稱為人稱代詞所屬格,也叫形容詞性物主代詞。通常用在名詞前面表示所屬關(guān)系。另外,表示某人的還可以用名詞或人名+ ’s 來(lái)表示。如:

my kite; your book; his pen; her coat; its tail; our class;

their teachers; my brother’s; book; the cat’s ears; Mary’s mother

一.寫(xiě)出下列人稱代詞的所屬格形式

I________you_________he______________She_________it____________
we_____________You_________they_________

二.用合適的人稱代詞填空

(1) This is Ben. This is _______bicycle.

(2) I am Kitty. ______ bag is blue

(3) She’s Alice.  That’s _____ umbrella.

(4) You are Mr Li. ______ car is black.

(5) Is this ______ hat?  Yes, it’s my hat.

(6) That’s my mother.  That’s _____ coat.

(7) Where’s ______ scarf?  Here you are.

(8) He’s Mr Wang. _____ gloves are new.

三.翻譯下列詞組

1. 你的名字 _____________  2.我們班___________

3. 他的小弟弟____________  4.我祖母___________

5. 它的尾巴 ______________  6.我的鞋____________

7. 她的圍巾________________ 8.我的襯衫_________

9. 他們的老師______________ 10.瑪麗的雨傘_________

四.用下列單詞組句

1.___________________________ (my , is,name , Tom)

2.____________________________ (is, miss , Gao, , our,friend)

3.____________________________ (is what ,your number ,telephone)

4.____________________________? (mother , your ,a teacher , is)

5.____________________________? (who’s , cap , it , is)

答案:一. I(my)  you (your) he(his) she(her) it(its) We (our) you (your) they (their)

三. 1.your name 2.our class 3. his little brother 4.my grandmother 5.its tail 6.my shoes 7.her scarf 8.my shirt 9.their teacher 10. Mary’s umbrella

四. 1.My name is Tom. 2.Miss Gao is our friend 3.What’s your telephone number? 4.Is your mother a teacher? 5.Who’s cap is it?

 

(三)介詞、連詞和感嘆詞

1.介詞:介詞是一種虛詞,不能單獨(dú)使用,必須在介詞后面加上個(gè)名詞或代詞使用,作句子成份。

介詞后面的名詞(或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞)叫做介詞的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和介詞賓語(yǔ)合稱為介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)在句中可作壯語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

介詞如: in 在…里面 on在…上面 under在…下面等。

in the classroom in the tree in the hall

on the road on the desk on the floor

under the table under the bed under the chair

2.連詞:連詞是用來(lái)連接詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)、句子與句子等的詞叫連詞。連詞是一種虛詞,在句子中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。連詞分兩類:一類叫等立連詞,另一類叫從屬連詞。

(1). 等立連詞是用來(lái)連接同等的詞、詞組和分句的。等立連詞有許多

我們現(xiàn)在只學(xué)到了and和but,其他的以后學(xué)到再介紹。

如:A and B ; blue and white ;an apple and a banana; a car and a bus; Lucy and Ben ;  Ben and Kitty ;

This is a lorry and that’s a drill.

I like dolls and you like robots.

(2). 從屬連詞是用來(lái)引起從句的、從屬連詞又分為

1) 引起名詞性從句的連接詞,如:if ,that 等。

2)引起壯語(yǔ)從句的連接詞,如:when , after ,befare等。以后會(huì)逐漸學(xué)到再介紹。

3.感嘆詞: 表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情(驚訝,高興,痛苦等)的詞叫感嘆詞。感嘆詞后常用感嘆號(hào)。常用的感嘆詞有:oh(表示驚奇或痛苦),ah(表示驚奇或滿意),hello(常被用來(lái)打招呼相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“喂!”),well(表示驚訝,無(wú)奈)

如:Hello.Are you Mary?

練習(xí):翻譯下列詞組

1.在桌子上面                      2.在樹(shù)下面

3.在椅子上面                      4.在盒子里面

5.在黑板上                        6.在書(shū)里

7.在臉上                         8.在公共汽車上

9.一只貓和一只狗.                 10.又小又胖

答案:1. on the desk 2. under the tree 3. on the desk 4. in the box

5. on the blackboard 6. in the book 7. on the face 8. on the bus      9. a cat and a dog 10. small and fat

(四) 單數(shù)句和復(fù)數(shù)句:

    口訣: 單數(shù)句子變,變化規(guī)則要記住。  
              名詞代詞要變化,am, is要變are。  
               this, that變成啥,these, those來(lái)替它。  
               he, she, it要變啥,全部變they不用怕。  
               I要變we莫落下,名詞后面把s/es加。  
               名前冠詞去掉它,其余成分原樣加。

具體注意下面的六要素:
1.單數(shù)主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即I→we you→you; she, he, it→they。 如: She is a girl.→They are girls.
2. am, is要變?yōu)?/b>are。 如: I'm a student. →We are students.
3.不定冠詞a, an要去掉。如: He is a boy. →They are boys.
4.普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如: It is a cat. →They are cats.
5.指示代詞this, that要變?yōu)?/b>these, those。如: This is a book.→These are books.
6. man, woman作定語(yǔ)修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí),要在 "數(shù)"上與被修飾名詞保持一致。但其他名詞修飾名詞表示 "性質(zhì)"時(shí),不作變化。如:
He is a man doctor.→They are men doctors.
This is an apple tree.→They are apple trees.

單復(fù)數(shù)相互轉(zhuǎn)換,每空一詞(含縮寫(xiě))。

1. The woman is a nurse.(改為復(fù)數(shù)句)

The _________ _________ _________.

2. There are some old cars.(改為單數(shù)句)

There _________ _________ old _________.

3. He has a new book.(改為復(fù)數(shù)句)

_________ _________ new _________.

4. Are these your chicks ?(改為單數(shù)句)

_______ _______ your _______?

5. Is there a sheep in the playground?(改為復(fù)數(shù)句)

________ there ________ ________ in the playground?

(五)一般疑問(wèn)句及特殊疑問(wèn)句

句子基本是:簡(jiǎn)單陳述句,由簡(jiǎn)單陳述句轉(zhuǎn)變成肯定句,否定句,疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)句是用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題。英語(yǔ)中有四種疑問(wèn)句: 一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)接觸到了前兩種疑問(wèn)句。后兩種疑問(wèn)句以后我們還會(huì)學(xué)到.

一.一般疑問(wèn)句:

英語(yǔ)中要用 yes和no 來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句叫一般疑問(wèn)句。如:

1)Is it hot ? Yes, it is .\No, it isn’t.                   —— be動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)

2)Is it a car ? Yes, it is .\No, it isn’t .                —— be動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)

3)Is this your ruler ? Yes, it is .\No, it isn’t .          —— be動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)

4)Do you like bananas ?                               —— 含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

Yes, I like bananas. \ No, I don’t like bananas.

5)Can Ming hear a drill ?                              —含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

Yes , Ming can hear a drill.\No,Ming can’t hear a drill.

陳述句(肯定句,否定句,一般疑問(wèn)句)的轉(zhuǎn)變規(guī)律:
1肯定句              2否定句                3. 一般疑問(wèn)句及肯否定回答

1) 主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+….       1) 主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+not+….      1)be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+…?

Yes, 主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞./

No, 主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+not.

I am a teacher.              I am  not a teacher.          Are you a teacher?

                                                       --Yes, I am./ No, I am not.

My mother is thin.          My mother is not /isn’t thin.    Is your mother thin?

                                                    --Yes, she is./ No, she isn’t.

They are  insects.           They are not/aren’t insects.      Are they insects?

--Yes. they are./ No, they aren’t.

2) 主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+… 2) 主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+ not+…2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+主語(yǔ)+…?

Yes, 主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/

No,主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+ not
 He can jump.              He can  not/can’t   jump.       Can he jump?

                                                       --Yes,he can./ No, he can’t.

3) 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+….        3) 主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞do/does+not    3) 助動(dòng)詞do/does+主語(yǔ)

+…. 動(dòng)詞原形                 +….動(dòng)詞原形?

                               Yes, 主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞do/does.

                               No, 主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞do/does+not.

  He likes to eat apples.       He doesn’t like to eat apples.     Does he like to eat apples?

                                                    Yes,he does./ No,he doesn’t.

  We like to eat apples.      We don’t like to eat apples.       Do you like to eat apples?

Yes,we do. /No,we don’t.
                                                            
 二. 祈使句:表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議或勸告等的句子叫祈使句,主語(yǔ)you常省略。
1、肯定形式:一般以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。 Open the door, please.
2、否定形式:在句首謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加Don't。 Don't be late for class.  

三 特殊疑問(wèn)句(又叫wh-question)

用特殊疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)提出問(wèn)題的疑問(wèn)句叫作特殊疑問(wèn)句。特殊疑問(wèn)詞一般要放在句首。常用的疑問(wèn)詞有what who ,which how 等這些詞都以wh 開(kāi)頭(包括how)所以也叫作wh-question。特殊疑問(wèn)句要求回答具體內(nèi)容。不能用yes或no回答。結(jié)構(gòu):疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。回答不能yes / no(或相當(dāng)于yes / no)回答的問(wèn)句。答句的句式同肯定句句式:如:

What can you see ? I can see a cat.

What can you hear ? I can hear a bus.

What can you do ? I can sing and dance.

What is it ?  It’s a panda.

What do you like ? I like playing football

How old are you ? I’m ten.

一.將下列句子變成一般疑問(wèn)句

1 Mr Wang is thirsty __________________________?

2.The elephent’s ears are long __________________________?

3. We like birds _________________________?

4.Hello.You are his mother __________________________?

5.I can sing and dance. ___________________________?

二 將下列每組詞各組成一句特殊疑問(wèn)句

1.(you are how). _________________________?.

2.(old how Ben is)_________________________?

3.colour is what your shirt_________________________?

4.(can see what the on you desk ) ________________________?

5.(like what do you)_________________________? 

答案:一.1. Is Mr Wang thirsty? 2. Are the elephent’s ears long 3. Do you like birds? 4.Hello. Are you his mother? 5.Can you sing and dance?

二.1. How are you? 2.How old is Ben ? 3.What colour is your shirt? 4.What can you see on the desk? 5.What do you like?

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